"[A] significant number of [nuclear] incidents have involved software glitches or problems with computer technology, and this seems likely to increase as the systems used for nuclear weapons management become more complex, digitized, intricate, and the broader, burgeoning cyber security context becomes progressive and more pervasive."
Andrew Futter, Hacking The Bomb: Cyber Threats And Nuclear Weapons 41 (Georgetown University Press, 2018)
In his book, Hacking the Bomb, Andrew Futter asserts that "[t]he new cyber context exacerbates and magnifies the challenges associated with nuclear weapons management." Futter at 35.
"A growing reliance on complex computers, software, and more and more lines of code, in conjunction with sophisticated hardware sensor technology throughout the nuclear weapons enterprise is increasing the chances of normal nuclear accidents, mistakes, and misunderstanding - that is computer-indue problems that could cause mix-ups that lead to unwarranted, unplanned and unintended nuclear outcomes, and even nuclear use." Futter at 41.
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On the next slide are a series of incidents discussed by Futter.